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loneliness makes our brains crave people

孑立让人盼望火伴

a hungry brain craves food. a lonely brain craves people. a new brain study?demonstrates?this. after being?isolated, it shows, people’s brains?perked up?at the sight of other people. the action was in the same brain region that revs up when a hungry person sees food. ?

饥饿的大脑盼望食物，孑立的大脑盼望火伴。一项新的研讨证明晰这一点。研讨闪现，感到孑立的人在看到其别人时大脑会变得活泼。相同地，一个饥饿的人在看到食物时，大脑的这一区域也会变得活泼。

“there’s a ton of research showing loneliness is associated with depression,” says livia tomova. she’s a cognitive neuroscientist, someone who studies how the brain produces mental activities. tomova works at the university of cambridge in england.?

英国剑桥大学认知神经科学家利维娅·托莫娃首要研讨大脑如何发生心思活动，她说：“许多研讨标明孑立与抑郁存在相关。”

but while scientists know?loneliness and depression are related, it’s hard to tell if one causes the other. “are they depressed because they’re lonely, or lonely because they’re depressed?” she asks. “one way to study that is [to look at] how the brain responds to periods of being alone.”

尽管科学家们晓得孑立和抑郁是有关的，但很难判别两者之间是不是存在因果联络。她说道：“我们是因为孑立而抑郁的，仍是因为抑郁而孑立的？研讨这一疑问的办法之一是调查我们在独处时的大脑反应。”

when she began this study, tomova was a scientist at the massachusetts institute of technology in cambridge. she and her colleagues?recruited?40 people. on one day, the participants had to fast — not eat anything at all — for 10 hours.?

托莫娃最早打开这项研讨时任职于坎布里奇麻省理工学院。她和她的火伴招募了40名自愿者。在研讨的第一天，参加者被需求禁食10小时（不吃任何东西）。

on another day, the same people were placed in a room for 10 hours. they couldn’t see anyone. no friends, no family and no social media. they weren’t even allowed to?check their email.?

在另一天，这些人各自被组织在单独的房间10小时，时刻他们看不就任何人，不能与兄弟、家人联络，也不能运用交际媒体，他们甚至不能查看电子邮件。

after both days, tomova and her colleagues put the people in?a fmri machine. it shows activity in the brain by tracking how much blood is flowing to each region.

每天结束后，托莫娃和她的火伴利吃苦能磁共振成象机（经过寻找流向每个区域的血液量来闪现大脑的活动）对这些参加者进行了查看。

at the end of each day, the participants showed high activity in a brain area called the midbrain. the scientists were interested in two small areas within it. one was the substantia nigra pars compacta. the other was the ventral tegmental area. both areas produce?dopamine. it’s a?chemical?messenger that is important in

craving and rewards.

每天结束时，参加者的大脑中脑区域体现为高度活泼。科学家们对其间的两个小区域感快乐喜爱，其一是黑质细密部，其二是腹侧被盖区。这两个区域都可以发生多巴胺，多巴胺是一种在盼望和奖赏中很重要的化学信使。

the two areas activated when hungry participants saw pictures of tasty pizza or juicy hamburgers. after the volunteers had been isolated, those brain areas became active when they saw social activities they missed. it might be playing sports or chatting with friends.

当饥不择食的参加者看到甘旨的披萨或多汁的汉堡的图像时，大脑中这两个区域就会激活。当参加者被阻隔在单独的房间错失交际活动时，这些大脑区域就会变得活泼起来，或许是想和兄弟做运动或聊谈天了。

the midbrain plays an important part in people’s motivation to seek food or friends. in fact, it responds to food and social signals even when people aren’t hungry or lonely.?

中脑在我们发生寻求食物或兄弟的主意中扮演偏重要的人物。实际上，即便在我们不饿或不孑立的时分，它也会对食物及交际信号做出反应。

but hunger and loneliness increased the reactions and made people’s responses specific to the thing they were missing. and the more hunger or?isolation?the volunteers said they were experiencing, the stronger the activity in this part of the brain.

可是饥饿和孑立会推进我们的反应，使我们对他们所错失的东西发生愈加具体的反应。当自愿者们标明他们越是饿的凶狠或感到孑立时，他们大脑这一区域的活动就越激烈。

(全文共413个词，标红单词为考研重难点词汇)

重难点词汇：

demonstrate?[?dem?nstre?t] v. 证明；展示；证明

isolate?[?a?s?le?t] v. 阻隔；孤立；别离

perk up?活泼起来；振奋精力

recruit?[r??kru?t] v. 征募；聘任 n. 招聘；新兵

dopamine?[?do?p?mi?n] n. 多巴胺

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