原标题：木糖英语之2001年考研英语真题解析答案
2001年全国硕士研讨生入学共同考试英语试题
section i structure and vocabulary
part a
directions:
beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked [a], [b], [c] and [d]. choose the one that best completes the sentence. mark your answer on answer sheet 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (5 points)
example:
i have been to the great wall three times ________ 1979.
[a] from
[b] after
[c] for
[d] since
the sentence should read, “i have been to the great wall three times since 1979.” therefore, you should choose [d].
sample answer
[a] [b] [c] [■]
1. if i were in movie, then it would be about time that i ________ my head in my hands for a cry.
[a] bury
[b] am burying
[c] buried（c）
[d] would bury
2. good news was sometimes released prematurely, with the british recapture of the port ________ half a day before the defenders actually surrendered.
[a] to announce
[b] announced
[c] announcing（b）
[d] was announced
3. according to one belief, if truth is to be known it will make itself apparent, so one ________ wait instead of searching for it.
[a] would rather
[b] had to
[c] cannot but（d）
[d] had best
4. she felt suitably humble just as she ________ when he had first taken a good look at her city self, hair waved and golden, nails red and pointed.
[a] had
[b] had had
[c] would have and（a）
[d] has had
5. there was no sign that mr. jospin, who keeps a firm control on the party despite ________ from leadership of it, would intervene personally.
[a] being resigned
[b] having resigned
[c] going to resign（b）
[d] resign
6. so involved with their computers ________ that leaders at summer computer camps often have to force them to break for sports and games.
[a] became the children
[b] become the children
[c] had the children become（d）
[d] do the children become
7. the individual tv viewer invariably senses that he or she is ________ an anonymous, statistically insignificant part of a huge and diverse audience.
[a] everything except
[b] anything but
[c] no less than（d）
[d] nothing more than
8. one difficulty in translation lies in obtaining a concept match. ________ this is meant that a concept in one language is lost or changed in meaning in translation.
[a] by
[b] in
[c] for（a）
[d] with
9. conversation becomes weaker in a society that spends so much time listening and being talked to ________ it has all but lost the will and the skill to speak for itself.
[a] as
[b] which
[c] that（c）
[d] what
10. church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions, ________ they christian, islamic, buddhist, jewish, and so on.
[a] be
[b] being
[c] were（a）
[d] are
part b
directions:
beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked [a], [b], [c] and [d]. choose the one that best completes the sentence. mark your answer on answer sheet 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the rackets with a pencil. (10 points)
example:
the lost car of the lees was found ________ in the woods off the highway.
[a] vanished
[b] scattered
[c] abandoned
[d] rejected
the sentence should read. “the lost car of the lees was found abandoned in the woods off the highway.” there fore, you should choose [c].
sample answer
[a] [b] [■][d]
11. he is too young to be able to ________ between right and wrong.
[a] discard
[b] discern
[c] disperse（b）
[d] disregard
12. it was no ________ that his car was seen near the bank at the time of the robbery.
[a] coincidence
[b] convention
[c] certainty（a）
[d] complication
13. one of the responsibilities of the coast guard is to make sure that all ships ________ follow traffic rules in busy harbors.
[a] cautiously
[b] dutifully
[c] faithfully（b）
[d] skillfully
14. the eskimo is perhaps one of the most trusting and considerate of all indians but seems to be ________ the welfare of his animals.
[a] critical about
[b] indignant at
[c] indifferent to（c）
[d] subject to
15. the chairman of the board ________ on me the unpleasant job of dismissing good workers the firm can no longer afford to employ.
[a] compelled
[b] posed
[c] pressed（c）
[d] tempted
16. it is naive to expect that any society can resolve all the social problems it is faced with ________.
[a] for long
[b] in and out
[c] once for all（c）
[d] by nature
17. using extremely different decorating schemes in adjoining rooms may result in ________ and lack of unity in style.
[a] conflict
[b] confrontation
[c] disturbance（d）
[d] disharmony
18. the timber rattlesnake is now on the endangered species list, and is extinct in two eastern states in which it once ________.
[a] thrived
[b] swelled
[c] prospered（a）
[d] flourished
19. however, growth in the fabricated metals industry was able to ________ some of the decline in the iron and steel industry.
[a] overturn
[b] overtake
[c] offset（c）
[d] oppress
20. because of its intimacy, radio is usually more than just a medium; it is ________.
[a] firm
[b] company
[c] corporation（b）
[d] enterprise
21. when any non-human organ is transplanted into a person, the body immediately recognizes it as ________.
[a] novel
[b] remote
[c] distant（d）
[d] foreign
22. my favorite radio song is the one i first heard on a thick 1923 edison disc i ________ at a garage sale.
[a] trifled with
[b] scraped through
[c] stumbled upon（c）
[d] thirsted for
23. some day software will translate both written and spoken language so well that the need for any common second language could ________.
[a] descend
[b] decline
[c] deteriorate（b）
[d] depress
24. equipment not ________ official safety standards has all been removed from the workshop.
[a] conforming to
[b] consistent with
[c] predominant over（a）
[d] providing for
25. as an industry, biotechnology stands to ________ electronics in dollar volume and perhaps surpass it in social impact by 2021.
[a] contend
[b] contest
[c] rival（c）
[d] strive
26. the authors of the united states constitution attempted to establish an effective national government while preserving ________ for the states and liberty for individuals.
[a] autonomy
[b] dignity
[c] monopoly（a）
[d] stability
27. for three quarters of its span on earth, life evolved almost ________ as microorganisms.
[a] precisely
[b] instantly
[c] initially（d）
[d] exclusively
28. the introduction of gunpowder gradually made the bow and arrow ________, particularly in western europe.
[a] obscure
[b] obsolete
[c] optional（b）
[d] overlapping
29. whoever formulated the theory of the origin of the universe, it is just ________ and needs proving.
[a] spontaneous
[b] hypothetical
[c] intuitive（b）
[d] empirical
30. the future of this company is ________: many of its talented employees are flowing into more profitable net-based businesses.
[a] at odds
[b] in trouble
[c] in vain（d）
[d] at stake
section ii cloze test
directions:
for each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked [a], [b], [c] and [d]. choose the best one and mark your answer on answer sheet 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)
the government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases the trial of rosemary west.
in a significant of legal controls over the press, lord irvine, the lord chancellor, will introduce a bill that will propose making payments to witnesses and will strictly control the amount of that can be given to a case a trial begins.
in a letter to gerald kaufman, chairman of the house of commons media select committee, lord irvine said he with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not sufficient control.
of the letter came two days after lord irvine caused a of media protest when he said the of privacy controls contained in european legislation would be left to judges to parliament.
the lord chancellor said introduction of the human rights bill, which the european convention on human rights legally in britain, laid down that everybody was to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.
“press freedoms will be in safe hands our british judges,” he said.
witness payments became an after west was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. up to 19 witnesses were to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. concerns were raised witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to guilty verdicts.
31. [a] as to
[b] for instance
[c] in particular（d）
[d] such as
32. [a] tightening
[b] intensifying
[c] focusing（a）
[d] fastening
33. [a] sketch
[b] rough
[c] preliminary（d）
[d] draft
34. [a] illogical
[b] illegal
[c] improbable（b）
[d] improper
35. [a] publicity
[b] penalty
[c] popularity（a）
[d] peculiarity
36. [a] since
[b] if
[c] before（c）
[d] as
37. [a] sided
[b] shared
[c] complied（d）
[d] agreed
38. [a] present
[b] offer
[c] manifest（b）
[d] indicate
39. [a] release
[b] publication
[c] printing（b）
[d] exposure
40. [a] storm
[b] rage
[c] flare（a）
[d] flash
41. [a] translation
[b] interpretation
[c] exhibition（b）
[d] demonstration
42. [a] better than
[b] other than
[c] rather than（c）
[d] sooner than
43. [a] changes
[b] makes
[c] sets（b）
[d] turns
44. [a] binding
[b] convincing
[c] restraining（a）
[d] sustaining
45. [a] authorized
[b] credited
[c] entitled（c）
[d] qualified
46. [a] with
[b] to
[c] from（a）
[d] by
47. [a] impact
[b] incident
[c] inference（d）
[d] issue
48. [a] stated
[b] remarked
[c] said（c）
[d] told
49. [a] what
[b] when
[c] which（d）
[d] that
50. [a] assure
[b] confide
[c] ensure（c）
[d] guarantee
section iii reading comprehension
directions:
each of the passages below is followed by some questions. for each question there are four answers marked [a], [b], [c] and [d]. read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. then mark your answer on answer sheet 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (40 points)
text 1
specialization can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. by splitting up the subject matter into smaller units, one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. but specialization was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication. another was the growing professionalisation of scientific activity.
no clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. nevertheless, the word “amateur” does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values. the growth of specialization in the nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for amateur participation in science. the trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the united kingdom.
a comparison of british geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture. amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the old way. the overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century. as a logical consequence of this development, separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership. a rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.
although the process of professionalisation and specialization was already well under way in british geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. in science generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science.
51. the growth of specialization in the 19th century might be more clearly seen in sciences such as ________.
[a] sociology and chemistry
[b] physics and psychology
[c] sociology and psychology（d）
[d] physics and chemistry
52. we can infer from the passage that ________.
[a] there is little distinction between specialization and professionalisation
[b] amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of science
[c] professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientific community（b）
[d] amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones
53. the author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate ________.
[a] the process of specialization and professionalisation
[b] the hardship of amateurs in scientific study
[c] the change of policies in scientific publications（a）
[d] the discrimination of professionals against amateurs
54. the direct reason for specialization is ________.
[a] the development in communication
[b] the growth of professionalisation
[c] the expansion of scientific knowledge（c）
[d] the splitting up of academic societies
text 2
a great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide — the division of the world into the info (information) rich and the info poor. and that divide does exist today. my wife and i lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. what was less visible then, however, were the new, positive forces that work against the digital divide. there are reasons to be optimistic.
there are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. as the internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to universalize access — after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are. more and more governments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread internet access. within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet will be netted together. as a result, i now believe the digital divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead. and that is very good news because the internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that we’ve ever had.
of course, the use of the internet isn’t the only way to defeat poverty. and the internet is not the only tool we have. but it has enormous potential.
to take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure (the basic structural foundations of a society) in the united states. when the united states built its industrial infrastructure, it didn’t have the capital to do so. and that is why america’s second wave infrastructure — including roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on — were built with foreign investment. the english, the germans, the dutch and the french were investing in britain’s former colony. they financed them. immigrant americans built them. guess who owns them now? the americans. i believe the same thing would be true in places like brazil or anywhere else for that matter. the more foreign capital you have helping you build your third wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off you’re going to be. that doesn’t mean lying down and becoming fooled, or letting foreign corporations run uncontrolled. but it does mean recognizing how important they can be in building the energy and telecom infrastructures needed to take full advantage of the internet.
55. digital divide is something ________.
[a] getting worse because of the internet
[b] the rich countries are responsible for
[c] the world must guard against（c）
[d] considered positive today
56. governments attach importance to the internet because it ________.
[a] offers economic potentials
[b] can bring foreign funds
[c] can soon wipe out world poverty（a）
[d] connects people all over the world
57. the writer mentioned the case of the united states to justify the policy of ________.
[a] providing financial support overseas
[b] preventing foreign capital’s control
[c] building industrial infrastructure（d）
[d] accepting foreign investment
58. it seems that now a country’s economy depends much on ________.
[a] how well-developed it is electronically
[b] whether it is prejudiced against immigrants
[c] whether it adopts america’s industrial pattern（a）
[d] how much control it has over foreign corporations
text 3
why do so many americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? the american society of newspaper editors is trying to answer this painful question. the organization is deep into a long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project.
sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.
but the sources of distrust go way deeper. most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns) into which they plug each day’s events. in other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news.
there exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers, which helps explain why the “standard templates” of the newsroom seem alien to many readers. in a recent survey, questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle-size cities around the country, plus one large metropolitan area. then residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions.
replies show that compared with other americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own mercedeses, and trade stocks, and they’re less likely to go to church, do volunteer work, or put down roots in a community.
reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite, so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite. the astonishing distrust of the news media isn’t rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers.
this is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly a declining one. here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers. then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers. but it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about. if it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.
59. what is the passage mainly about?
[a] needs of the readers all over the world
[b] causes of the public disappointment about newspapers
[c] origins of the declining newspaper industry（b）
[d] aims of a journalism credibility project
60. the results of the journalism credibility project turned out to be ________.
[a] quite trustworthy
[b] somewhat contradictory
[c] very illuminating（d）
[d] rather superficial
61. the basic problem of journalists as pointed out by the writer lies in their ________.
[a] working attitude
[b] conventional lifestyle
[c] world outlook（c）
[d] educational background
62. despite its efforts, the newspaper industry still cannot satisfy the readers owing to its ________.
[a] failure to realize its real problem
[b] tendency to hire annoying reporters
[c] likeliness to do inaccurate reporting（a）
[d] prejudice in matters of race and gender
text 4
the world is going through the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions ever witnessed. the process sweeps from hyperactive america to europe and reaches the emerging countries with unsurpassed might. many in these countries are looking at this process and worrying: “won’t the wave of business concentration turn into an uncontrollable anti-competitive force?”
there’s no question that the big are getting bigger and more powerful. multinational corporations accounted for less than 20% of international trade in 1982. today the figure is more than 25% and growing rapidly. international affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment. in argentina, for instance, after the reforms of the early 1990s, multinationals went from 43% to almost 70% of the industrial production of the 200 largest firms. this phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms, of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of the world economy.
i believe that the most important forces behind the massive m&a wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customer’s demands. all these are beneficial, not detrimental, to consumers. as productivity grows, the world’s wealth increases.
examples of benefits or costs of the current concentration wave are scanty. yet it is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could re-create the same threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the u.s., when the standard oil trust was broken up. the mergers of telecom companies, such as worldcom, hardly seem to bring higher prices for consumers or a reduction in the pace of technical progress. on the contrary, the price of communications is coming down fast. in cars, too, concentration is increasing — witness daimler and chrysler, renault and nissan — but it does not appear that consumers are being hurt.
yet the fact remains that the merger movement must be watched. a few weeks ago, alan greenspan warned against the megamergers in the banking industry. who is going to supervise, regulate and operate as lender of last resort with the gigantic banks that are being created? won’t multinationals shift production from one place to another when a nation gets too strict about infringements to fair competition? and should one country take upon itself the role of “defending competition” on issues that affect many other nations, as in the u.s. vs. microsoft case?
63. what is the typical trend of businesses today?
[a] to take in more foreign funds
[b] to invest more abroad
[c] to combine and become bigger（c）
[d] to trade with more countries
64. according to the author, one of the driving forces behind m&a wave is ________.
[a] the greater customer demands
[b] a surplus supply for the market
[c] a growing productivity（a）
[d] the increase of the world’s wealth
65. from paragraph 4 we can infer that ________.
[a] the increasing concentration is certain to hurt consumers
[b] worldcom serves as a good example of both benefits and costs
[c] the costs of the globalization process are enormous（d）
[d] the standard oil trust might have threatened competition
66. toward the new business wave, the writer’s attitude can be said to be ________.
[a] optimistic
[b] objective
[c] pessimistic（b）
[d] biased
text 5
when i decided to quit my full time employment it never occurred to me that i might become a part of a new international trend. a lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, i covered my exit by claiming “i wanted to spend more time with my family”.
curiously, some two-and-a-half years and two novels later, my experiment in what the americans term “downshifting” has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality. i have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “having it all,” preached by linda kelsey for the past seven years in the page of she magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.
i have discovered, as perhaps kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of she after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life,” and making the alternative move into “downshifting” brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status. nothing could persuade me to return to the kind of life kelsey used to advocate and i once enjoyed: 12-hour working days, pressured deadlines, the fearful strain of office politics and the limitations of being a parent on “quality time”.
in america, the move away from juggling to a simpler, less materialistic lifestyle is a well-established trend. downshifting — also known in america as “voluntary simplicity” — has, ironically, even bred a new area of what might be termed anti-consumerism. there are a number of best-selling downshifting self-help books for people who want to simplify their lives; there are newsletters, such as the tightwad gazette, that give hundreds of thousands of americans useful tips on anything from recycling their cling-film to making their own soap; there are even support groups for those who want to achieve the mid-’90s equivalent of dropping out.
while in america the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline — after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late ’80s — and is still linked to the politics of thrift, in britain, at least among the middle-class downshifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives.
for the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the ’80s, downshifting in the mid-’90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life — growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one — as a personal recognition of your limitations.
67. which of the following is true according to paragraph 1?
[a] full-time employment is a new international trend.
[b] the writer was compelled by circumstances to leave her job.
[c] “a lateral move” means stepping out of full-time employment.（b）
[d] the writer was only too eager to spend more time with her family.
68. the writer’s experiment shows that downshifting ________.
[a] enables her to realize her dream
[b] helps her mold a new philosophy of life
[c] prompts her to abandon her high social status（b）
[d] leads her to accept the doctrine of she magazine
69. “juggling one’s life” probably means living a life characterized by ________.
[a] non-materialistic lifestyle
[b] a bit of everything
[c] extreme stress（c）
[d] anti-consumerism
70. according to the passage, downshifting emerged in the u.s. as a result of ________.
[a] the quick pace of modern life
[b] man’s adventurous spirit
[c] man’s search for mythical experiences（d）
[d] the economic situation
section iv english-chinese translation
directions:
read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into chinese. your translation must be written neatly on answer sheet 2. (15 points)
in less than 30 years’ time the star trek holodeck will be a reality. direct links between the brain’s nervous system and a computer will also create full sensory virtual environments, allowing virtual vacations like those in the film total recall.
71) there will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend. 72) children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell-television, and digital age will have arrived.
according to bt’s futurologist, ian pearson, these are among the developments scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium (a period of 1,000 years), when supercomputers will dramatically accelerate progress in all areas of life.
73) pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place. some of the biggest developments will be in medicine, including an extended life expectancy and dozens of artificial organs coming into use between now and 2040.
pearson also predicts a breakthrough in computer-human links. “by linking directly to our nervous system, computers could pick up what we feel and, hopefully, simulate feeling too so that we can start to develop full sensory environments, rather like the holidays in total recall or the star trek holodeck,” he says. 74) but that, pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration: “it will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.”
through his research, pearson is able to put dates to most of the breakthroughs that can be predicted. however, there are still no forecasts for when faster-than-light travel will be available, or when human cloning will be perfected, or when time travel will be possible. but he does expect social problems as a result of technological advances. a boom in neighborhood surveillance cameras will, for example, cause problems in 2010, while the arrival of synthetic lifelike robots will mean people may not be able to distinguish between their human friends and the droids. 75) and home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder — kitchen rage.
section v writing
76. directions:
among all the worthy feelings of mankind, love is probably the noblest, but everyone has his/her own understanding of it.
there has been a discussion recently on the issue in a newspaper. write an essay to the newspaper to
1) show your understanding of the symbolic meaning of the picture below,
2) give a specific example, and
3) give your suggestion as to the best way to show love.
you should write about 200 words on answer sheet 2. (20 points)
2001年考研英语真题答案解析
section i: structure and vocabulary (15 points)
part a (5 points)
1. [c]
2. [b]
3. [d]
4. [a]
5. [b]
6. [d]
7. [d]
8. [a]
9. [c]
10. [a]
part b (10 points)
11. [b]
12. [a]
13. [b]
14. [c]
15. [c]
16. [c]
17. [d]
18. [a]
19. [c]
20. [b]
21. [d]
22. [c]
23. [b]
24. [a]
25. [c]
26. [a]
27. [d]
28. [b]
29. [b]
30. [d]
section ii: cloze text (10 points)
一、文章全体分析
这篇文章是一篇报导性的文章，介绍了自露丝玛莉?韦斯特案子发生后，政府、法院、媒体各方面关于付款给证人的反应。文章第一段介绍了政府的反应：要阻止报界买断证人新闻的行为。第二至六段介绍了以大法官埃尔温勋爵为代表的法院在这个疑问上的情绪。最终一段介绍了露丝玛莉?韦斯特案子的始末。在该案子中因为许多证人经过叙说他们的阅历而从媒体获得酬劳，成果致使被告数罪并罚，被判十项无期徒刑。结论为付款给证人的做法变成一个颇有争议的疑问。
二、试题具体解析
31. 【答案】 d
【解析】 本题查核的常识点是：逻辑联络。
答复该题时，考生需要判别空格前后有些prominent cases和the trial of rosemary west之间的联络，前者泛指“一些闻名的案子”，后者是一个具体的案子，即“对露丝玛莉?韦斯特案子的审判”，可见两者是例子联络。因而，所填入的选项应是一个标明“例如”或“像……相同”的联接词。首要打扫as to和in particular。for instance（或for example）可标明“举例”，但放在句中多为刺进语，且后边不可以直接加宾语。如：here in chicago, for instance, the movement was growing by leaps and bounds.（比方在芝加哥，运动正在迅猛打开）。选项中只需介词短语such as可以接名词做宾语，表达“例如…，象这种的”的意义。
首段第一句话的规划比照凌乱，中心句为the government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers（政府要阻止报界付钱给证人），如今分词规划seeking to buy up… rosemary west 做后置定语，用来润饰newspapers，意为“企图收购触及一些要案证人的报纸”。曩昔分词规划involved in也是后置定语，用来润饰people。整个语句的意义是：政府要阻止报界付钱给触及一些要案（比方审判露丝玛莉?韦斯特案）的证人以图收购他们的行为。
32. 【答案】 a
【解析】 本题查核的常识点是：习气分配 + 动词词义分析。
本题的四个选项尽管都是动名词，但实践上查核的是能与controls分配的中心动词。首要打扫focus和fasten，focus意为“把留心力等会集在…”，如：you must try to focus your mind on work and study.（你大约尽利巴思维会集在作业和学习上）文章第一段只说到政府要阻止付款收购证人的这种做法，并没有触及其它方面的情况，也就无所谓“会集法令控制”了。fasten表“扣紧，扎牢”的意义时多接具体名词，如：fasten our seat belts（系紧平安带），不适用于笼统名词control。intensify偏重于偏重数量、活动、情感的添加或增强，不好control分配，如：the press has intensified its scrutiny of the candidate’s background.（新闻界已加强了对侯选人的布景查询）；只需tighten与legal control分配，标明“加强法令控制”。
常识点弥补：常与control构成的分配还有：gain/ take/lose/seize ～ of， have/hold ～ over, offer～，set up ～ 。
33. 【答案】 d
【解析】 本题查核的常识点是：固定分配。
本题需求考生判别哪个选项与bill分配。draft bill是法令中的一个固定分配，意为“草案，（提交议会谈论的）法案”；其他三个选项尽管不与bill分配，但都可以标明类似于“初步的，不无缺的，简略的”的意义，sketch的分配有sketch map（略图、示意图），sketch plan（草拟方案）；rough的分配有a rough drawing（草图）；preliminary偏重“初步的”，如：a preliminary examination（初试）。
34. 【答案】b
【解析】 本题查核的常识点是：上下文语义 + 描述词词义分析。
空格地址有些是that引导的定语从句that will propose making payments to witnesses 4 ，润饰先行词bill，阐明是怎样一种法案。其间从句的宾语是一个复合规划making payment to witness __4__，（使给证人付出酬劳的行为…），解此题时，考生要害要判别这个草案在对待收购证人的疑问上的情绪是怎样的。
文章第一句说到“政府要阻止报界收购一些要案的证人的行为”，第二段首句紧接着说到“为了加强对报界的控制，大法官埃尔温勋爵即将提出这个法百铮从逻辑上讲，政府和大法官的行为大约是共同的。那么大法官提出法令草案的意图也是对立报界收购证人的做法。illegal偏重不契合法令规则，契合题意。其他三个选项都不契合语义，illogical偏重不合逻辑，如：someti
mes illogical behaviors may result in a great invention.（有时不合逻辑的做法可以会致使巨大的创造）；improbable指可以性很小，如：it is improbable that she will go.（她不大可以会走）；improper标明“不当当”，若用在本题中，口气太弱，如：an act improper to the occasion（不达时宜的行为）。
35.【答案】 a
【解析】 本题查核的常识点是：逻辑语义分配。
空格地址有些是：a bill that will propose …and will strictly control the amount of _ 5__ that can be given to a case。从规划上看，空格处填入的名词，既是control的宾语，又是that引导的定语从句润饰的先行词，即契合give sth. to a case的分配。契合这两个需求的只需选项a. publicity，give publicity to sth.（宣传/发布某事）为常用分配。整个语句粗心为：草案提议对报界付款给证人的做法定为不合法，并严肃控制案子的揭露程度。
词汇弥补：the penalty for speeding（超速罚款）；enjoy／win general popularity（受等待）；one of the peculiarities of his behavior is that he shouts instead of talking.（他的一种古怪是说话总爱大声嚷）。
36．【答案】 c
【解析】 本题查核的常识点是：上下文语义 + 逻辑推理。
本题需要考生判别空格处应填入啥连词来联接这两个动作：“严肃捆绑案子的揭露程度”和“审判初步”。根据上下文逻辑推理，政府之所以要阻止报界付钱给案子的证人，是因为新闻界要把这些证人的观念公诸于众，这些观念不免搀杂自个的要素，而司法需求的是公正，不能因为这些观念影响案子的审理。因而要严肃控制的大约是案子在审理初步“之前”（before）就过火揭露。
37. 【答案】 d
【解析】 本题查核的常识点是：习气分配 + 动词短语语义分析。
本题查询了动词与with sth.的分配。四个选项都能与with分配，要害是看哪个能与后边的宾语a committee report（委员会的陈述）分配。先打扫选项b和c，因为咱们不能说“共享陈述”或“恪守陈述”。而side with后一般联接“或人”，如：he sided with the conservatives in congress.（他在国会中撑持保存派）。只需agreed with适合，意为“埃尔温勋爵阐明自个附和委员会本年的陈述”。
例句弥补：he shared the story with us.（他给咱们讲了这个故事）；the patient complied with the physician’s orders.（患者遵循医生的叮咛）。
38. 【答案】 b
【解析】本题查核的常识点是：动词词义分析。
本题空格处再次查询了动词与control的分配。根据上下文，这儿指的应是埃尔温勋爵批判报界收购证人，随意揭露案子的情况，自我捆绑力度不可。四个选项中，manifest和indicate的意义显着不契合辞意。offer归于运用非常广泛的词语，当标明“给”的意义时等于give，它放入文中，表达的意义是：自我捆绑（self-regulation）不能供给满足的监控。present一般纠正式的呈上，如：the committee is presenting its investigation report next week.（委员会将于下星期提出查询陈述）。
例句弥补：he doesn’t manifest much interest in his studies.（他对学业没多大快乐喜爱）；the symptoms indicate immediate surgery.（表现标明需要当即做外科手术）。
39. 【答案】 b
【解析】 本题查核的常识点是：名词词义分析。
空格地址语句指出，“这封信的…在两天后发生了”。四个选项中，release有“答应宣告，发布”的意思，但它偏重的是经过尽力才得以宣告，多用于消息（发布）、影片或许书本（发行）；若用printing标明“两天后把信打印出来”显着不对；exposure多指“露出或戳穿一些不好的作业，如违法或违法行为”，如：exposure of graft in the government.（对政府贪婪的戳穿）；因而正确答案是publication，表达的意义是“两天后，这封信便发布于众”。
40. 【答案】 a
【解析】 本题查核的常识点是：固定分配 + 名词词义分析。
空格地址有些是：lord irvine caused a 10 of media protest，这儿描绘了媒体对立的程度。从规划上来看，填入的名词应与“media protest”分配。从辞意来看，其意义应是“（致使了）一片（媒体的对立）”。storm 可以与a…of的方法分配，标明“一阵强烈的情感迸发或一阵风云”，如：a storm of tears（泪如涌泉），a storm of protest（一阵/片强烈的对立）。
rage也标明“暴怒、大怒”，可是分配方法只能是a rage，如：be in a rage，flew into a rage（愤然大怒）；flare在a…of分配中仅标明“一阵怒火”，它不好media protest分配，如：a flare of temper（怒形于色），a flare of resentment（一阵怒火）；flash标明俄然闪现的东西，如：a flash of hope（一线期望），a flash of wit（灵光一现）等。因而用a storm of润饰media protest形象地描绘了媒体对立的剧烈程度。
41. 【答案】 b
【解析】 本题查核的常识点是：名词词义分析。
本题查询哪个名词能和privacy controls分配，从意义上来看，只需 interpretation 契合题意。“the interpretation of privacy controls”意为“隐私控制的说明权”。留心translation和interpretation及各自的动词方法都是近义词，可以标明“翻译”，但标明?得鳌⒉停ㄑ杂镆酝獾亩鳎敝迨辈荒苡胻ranslate，只能用interpret，恰当于explain，如：how can i interpreted his behavior?（我怎么说明他的行为）。
42. 【答案】 c
【解析】 本题查核的常识点是：介词短语分析。
本题空格前后联接的是两个介词短语（left）to judges（留给法官）与（left）to parliament（留给国会），它们描绘的目标都是interpretation of private controls，显着两者在意义上是不能共存的，只能选其一。因而空格处要填入一个富含选择意义的词。先打扫better than和sooner than，前者表达程度比照，后者反映速度比照。other than表达选择概念时可意为“不一样于”，如：the result was quite other than we had expected.（成果和咱们预期的不一样），可是根据上下文，“把隐私控制的说明权留给法官不一样于留给国会”本身就是客观实际，不至于会致使媒体的一片对立，因而可推知rather than最恰当，意为“是…而不是”，如：these shoes are comfortable rather than pretty.（这双鞋子是舒畅而不是美观）。文中意思为“把隐私控制的说明权留给法官而不留给国会”。
43.【答案】b
【解析】 本题查核的常识点是：动词用法。
本题地址语句的规划是which引导的一个非捆绑性定语从句，从句的主语是which指代的the human rights bill。从本题和下一题的选项可看出两个空格应别离填入动词和描述词。那么从句的根柢规划应是：动词+宾语（the european convention on human rights）+描述词（宾语补足语）。由此可见，所选的动词应能接宾补。从语法上来看，四个选项中，make常接描述词做宾语补足语，如：made her position clear（使她的方位亮堂化）；set也可以接宾语补足语，但宾补一般是如今分词、不定式或介词短语，很少用描述词，只需：set the boy right（纠正孩子的差错），a good rest will set you right（歇息将使你的精力得到恢复），set the prisoners free（把罪犯开释出来），set your hat straight（把帽子带正）等情况。因而make为正确答案，放入空格意为“使《欧洲人权公约》在法令上…”。
44. 【答案】 a
【解析】 本题查核的常识点是：上下文语义 + 描述词词义分析。
从上一题的分析可知，空格填入的描述词做make复合规划的宾补：make the european convention on human rights legally 14 。其次根据上下文，the human rights bill…laid down that everybody was 15 to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families（人权法案规则每一自个都…隐私权，大世人物可以走上法庭去维护自个和他们的家人），因而从《人权法案》的具体内容看，它对《欧洲人权公约》的影响大约是使其在法令上有捆绑力（binding），而不只是是“具有说服力”，更不是“具有说服力”或“抑制的”。因而a选项契合题意。
45. 【答案】c
【解析】 本题查核的常识点是：习气分配 + to的用法。
空格地址有些的分配是be +曩昔分词+to sth.，其间to是介词。四个选项中，be authorized to do sth. 意为“被授权……”，其间to是不定式符号，不是介词，如：she was authorized by her partner to negotiate with the dealer.（她的合伙人授权她与经销商商洽）；be credited to sth.意为“把…归于或人或某物，认为归于……”，如：superpowers are credited to the big stone.（我们认为这块大石头有超能），该词组尽管在语法上可行，但在文中表达的意思是“把每自个归于隐私”显着逻辑不通；be qualified to do sth.意为“有资历，能担任”，但其间的to不是介词，是不定式符号，后边要接动词原形，如：he is qualified to teach english.（他有资历教英语）。契合题意的be entitled to sth.是个固定分配，意为“有权……，有资历……”，如：he is entitled to the pension.（他有权收取养老金）。
46. 【答案】 a
【解析】 本题查核的常识点是：介词的用法。
本题查询哪个介词可以与in safe hands（安靖无恙）分配。空格地址语句是press freedoms will be in safe hands 16 our british judges（新闻安适由法官掌控将安靖无恙），介词中只需with可表达“由…掌控，由…担任”的意义，例句：i shall leave the child with you.（我将把这孩子交给你）。
47. 【答案】 d
【解析】 本题查核的常识点是：上下文语义 + 名词词义分析。
本题需求考生判别“自west被判十次无期徒刑后，付款给证人的做法变成了啥”。首要考生需晓得west和前面说到的the trial of rosemary west联络起来，这个作业的影响很大，政府和法官都知道到要严肃控制报界付款给证人的行为。由此可以揣度出付款给证人的做法大约变成颇有争议的疑问（issue），而不只是一个作业（incident），或揣度（inference），或冲击（impact）。尽管impact也有“影响”的意义，但和不定冠词分配只能是have/make a great impact on sth.，例句：this book had a great impact on its readers.（这本书对读者有很大的影响）。
48. 【答案】 c
【解析】 本题查核的常识点是：动词用法分析。
本题地址有些是up to 19 witnesses were 18 to have received payments，其谓语动词是被逼语态的复合规划：be +曩昔分词+ to have done sth.。适用这个规划的只需said和told，但be told to have done sth.意为“被奉告做过某事”，不契合句意。正确答案只需c，be said to have done sth.意为“传闻做过某事”，本句可译为：传闻多达19个证人因向报社叙说他们的故事而获得酬劳。
49. 【答案】 d
【解析】 本题查核的常识点是：同位语从句中的联络代词。
空格后边有些是concerns的同位语，标明其具体内容。选项中能引导同位语从句的联络代词只需that。留心：同位语从句正本大约直接跟在先行词concerns后边，但因为从句太长，会显得虎头蛇尾，所以放在了后边，抵达语句平衡的作用。
常识点弥补：同位语从句接在名词后，对名词作进一步说明，阐明其具体内容。这类名词包括：belief （信赖），conclusion（结论），decision（抉择），doubt（置疑），evidence（根据），fact（实际），hope（期望），idea（主意），information（消息），news（消息），probability（可以），problem（疑问），rumor（传闻），suggestion（主张），truth（真理）等等。
50. 【答案】 c
【解析】 本题查核的常识点是：动词词义分析。
guilty verdicts意为“（陪审团的）科罪抉择”。空格地址语句意为：证人被鼓舞在法庭上夸大实际，意图就为了…科罪。考生需判别哪个动词可以与guilty verdicts分配。assure后边一般接人，标明消除别人的疑虑，如：i can assure you of its quality.（我可以向您保证它的质量）。confide接sth.时，意为“吐露（内情），托付”，如：he confided his troubles to a friend.（他向兄弟倾诉烦恼事），confide my property to your care.（把我的工业托付你保管）。显着这两个意义都不契合辞意。guarantee接sth.时意为“担保…质量，保证，实施”等，当意义是“保证”时多接褒义的名词，如：guarantee a good crop（保证了好收成）；ensure意为“保证，担保，使…必定得到”，偏重对某行为有掌控，根据辞意，证人的意图就是想保证让被告得到科罪，因而ensure最契合句意。
三、全文翻译
政府要阻止报界付钱给触及一些要案的证人以图收购他们的行为。审判露丝玛莉?韦斯特案就是这样的一同案子。
为了加强对报界的法令控制，大法官埃尔温勋爵即将提出一个法案的草案。这一法案将提议把报界付款给证人的做法定为不合法，而且，法案还严肃对案子在开庭前的揭露程度加以捆绑。
在给下院媒体选择委员会主席格拉德?考夫曼的一封信中，埃尔温勋爵说他附和该委员会本年的陈述。该陈述指出对媒体的自我捆绑没有施行满足的监控。当埃尔温勋爵说关于欧洲立法中所包括的关于隐私权的控制的说明权将留给法官而不是国会时，他的这一作法遭到了媒体的一片对立。两天后，这封信便发布于众。
大法官说《人权法案》的引入使《欧洲人权公约》在英国具有了法令捆绑力。它规则每自个都享有自个隐私权，大世人物可以走上法庭去维护自个和家人的权力。
“新闻安适由法官掌控将安靖无恙”，他说道。
自韦斯特在1995年被判处十项无期徒刑后，给证人付酬劳的做法就成了颇有争议的疑问。传闻多达十九个证人因向报社叙说他们的阅历而获得酬劳。这致使了我们的重视：证人为了保证法庭给被告科罪，可以会被鼓动在法庭上夸大实际。
section iii: reading comprehension (40 points)
text 1
一、文章规划全体分析
这是一篇论说科学打开的专业化和作业化的文章。全文客观地描绘这一进程，而且以英国地质学的打开为例阐明专业化打开致使专业人员和业余人员之间的分化越来越显着。
第一段：科学常识的堆集致使常识的进一步分类和分化，即专业化打开。与专业化打开一起并存的另一表象是科学活动的日益作业化。
第二段：专业化的打开给业余研讨者的进入带来了困难，这种趋势在某些科学领域尤为杰出。
第三、四段指出：以英国地质学研讨为例，阐明专业人员和业余人员之间分化越来越显着。而这种专业化和作业化的分化进程早在19世纪英国的地质学领域就现已初步构成。
二、试题具体解析
51. ［答案］d
［解析］本题查核的常识点是：实际细节题 + 常识。
文章第二段最终两句话指出，“19世纪专业化的打开需求时刻更长、内容更凌乱的培训，这使得非专业研讨人员面临越来越大的困难。这个趋势在以数学练习或实验室练习为基础的科学领域显得更为杰出。”四个选项中触及社会学、化学、物理学、心思学四个学科。根据常识，物理学、化学与地质学都是以数学和实验室培训为基础的科学，而社会学和心思学则不是。比照四个选项只需d选项“物理和化学”是正确答案。
52. ［答案］b
［解析］本题查核的常识点是：推理引申题。
文章第一段最终两句指出，“专业化只是是科学领域内影响交流进程的一系列有关科学打开的表象之一，另一表象是科学活动的日益作业化。”由此可知，专业化和作业化是两个不一样的进程，因而可打扫a选项；第二段最终一句指出“专业化的打开给业余研讨者的进入带来了困难，这种趋势在某些科学领域尤为杰出”，其暗含的意思是在另外一些领域非专业人员可以和专业人员去竞赛，b选项表达了此意，是正确答案。在此基础上，第三段更是举出英国地质学研讨的比方来阐明专业人员与非专业人员呈现的越来越显着的分化，因而ｃ选项显着差错；d选项与第三段最终一句“业余人员有两种选择：或许呆在当地研讨集体中，或许以另外一种方法在全国规模内联合”不符。
53. ［答案］a
［解析］本题查核的常识点是：作者意图题。
作者在第二段末句说到，业余研讨者很难进入专业领域的趋势可以经过英国地质学打开的比方极好地来阐明。第三段谈到英国地质学研讨中出书标准的改变、专业和业余人员的不一样研讨方法、业余人员在专业刊物上宣告论文的困难及专业和业余两种不一样的刊物和学会的构成。可见，作者举例的意图是描绘作业化和专业化构成的进程，a选项正确。
b选项和c选项都是第三段说到的作业化和专业化打开进程中的具体体现，并不是比方旨在阐明的疑问。d选项文中未清楚提出。
54. ［答案］c
［解析］本题查核的常识点是：细节题
第一段第一句指出，“专业化进程可以看作是对科学常识不断堆集疑问的反映”，其间response to与题干中的direct reason对应，因而c选项正确。文中说到a选项受专业化进程影响（一段末句），b选项是与专业化打开并存的表象，d选项是专业化打开构成的成果，因而都不是专业化的直接缘由。
三、文章长难句解析与佳句赏析
长难句分析:
① nevertheless, the word “amateur” does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values.
语句骨干是the word“amateur”does carry a connotation，后边是that引导的同位语从句，从句的骨干是：the person is not fully integrated into and not fully share，其间包括了两个并排谓语。
② the trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the united kingdom.
语句骨干是the trend was obvious in…and can be illustrated in terms of…。science后接曩昔分词based on做定语。in terms of“以…观念/方法，就…而说”。
③ a comparison of british geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper.
语句骨干是a comparison reveals not simply…but also…，并排连词not only…but also联接两个并排宾语emphasis和definition，宾语后都接有介词短语做定语。
④ the overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century.
语句骨干是the result has been to make entrance harder for amateurs, a result…。逗号后边有些a result恰当于the result has been a result，a result后是that引导的定语从句，其间存在两套被逼规划，一是a result has been reinforced by the introduction of refereeing，另一套是 first the introduction of refereeing first by …and then by…。make sth. harder for sb.意为“使某事关于或人来说更难了”；referee原义为“当裁判，判决”，句中意为“（出书）评定准则”。
佳句赏析:
thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture.
该句由but联接两个分句，前后两个不一样的时刻状语体现了一种比照。规划稳重，比照显着，给人一望而知之感。
四、全文翻译
专业化可被视为关于科学常识不断胀大这个疑问所做出的反应。经过将学科细化成小单元，我们可以持续处置这些不断胀大的信息并将它们作为深化研讨的基础。可是专业化仅是科学领域内一系列影响交流进程的有关表象之一。另一表象是科学活动的日益作业化。
在科学领域内，专业人员与业余人员之间没有必定的区别：任何规则都有其破例。可是“业余”这个词的确有意义：那就是所指的那自个没有完全融入某个科学家集体，特别是，他可以并不完全认同这个集体的价值观。（长难句①）19世纪的专业化的打开，以?嬷吹亩粤废暗某な笨绦院土杪倚缘男枨螅砸涤嗳嗽苯肟蒲Ы绻钩闪烁蟮睦选Ｕ庖磺魇圃谝允Я废盎蚴笛槭伊废拔〉目蒲Я煊蚶锾烊惶逑值米钗艹觯⒐刂恃У拇蚩梢圆髡庖灰晌剩ǔつ丫洧冢?br>
把英国迩来一个半世纪的地质学刊物作一比照，我们发现，不只研讨的重要性越来越遭到偏重，而且学术论文的出书标准也在不断地发生改变（长难句③）。因而，在19世纪，部分的地质学研讨本身就代表了一种有价值的科研；而到了20世纪，部分的研讨只需在包括或思考到更广大的地质容颜时才越来越被专业人员承受（佳句）。另一方面业余人员持续以旧的方法从事部分的研讨。成果是，业余人员更难在专业地质刊物上宣告论文。这种成果因为评定准则的引入体现得更杰出。初步是19世纪国家级杂志的引入，后来是20世纪数家当地地质杂志的引入（长难句④）。这样打开的必定成果是呈现了关于专业读者和业余读者的不一样杂志。类似的分化进程也致使专业地质学家集合起来，构成一两个全国性的集体，而业境地质学家则要么留在当地性集体中，要么以不一样方法组满足国性的集体。
尽管作业化和专业化进程在19世纪的英国地质学界中己经初步构成，可是它的作用却推迟到20世纪才充分闪现出来。可是，从科学这个全体来看，i9世纪有必要被视为科学规划发生改变的要害时期。
text 2
一、文章规划全体分析
这篇文章首要谈论因特网在信息年代的重要性及如何使用外资协助贫穷国家搞好第三次电子基础缔造。作者从“数字化分界”（digital divide）的概念下手，谈及互联网抵消除数字化分界的作用，最终呼吁贫穷国家活泼引证外资广泛互联网。
文章从意群上讲，首要为两个有些：前两段是一个意群，后两段是另一个意群。
第一段：前半有些提出许多人关于数字化分界的呈现比照担忧，可是作者认为情况仍是令人旷达的。期间最终一句为主题句。
第二段：规划为总—分—总，第一句为主题句，中心有些说理证明，倒数第二句话进行总结。该段从技能视点证明数字化分界会减小。本段最终一句话实践是下一段的主题句，即互联网可以用来脱节贫穷。
第三、四段：要想充分使用互联网，就要活泼使用外资。不管是在第次基础缔造浪潮中的美国，仍是如今第三次电子基础缔造浪潮(指电子工业设备，如：互联网)中的贫穷国家，外资引入相同非常重要。该期间运用说理和例子两种证明办法。
二、试题具体解析
55.[答案] c
[解析] 本题查核的常识点是：实际细节题。
本题需求考生掌控作者对数字化分界的根柢情绪和观念。要害是对文章第一句话的了解。该句说到，今日所谓的数字化分界正在被高度注重。接下来作者说到，他和老婆20年前就在演说中谈到这种迷糊呈现的风险（looming danger），这儿的danger当然是指前面说到的“the digital divide”，即数字化分界。已然是风险，当然要警惕。因而c选项为正确答案。a选项与文章第二段谈到使用“technological reasons”即“internet”可以减小数字化分界相敌对；不管从首段对数字化分界的界说中或是下面临减小数字化分界的论说中，都可知d选项与作者的情绪相反。文中没有提及这一表象是谁构成，由谁担任，因而b选项不对。
词汇弥补：loom隐现，迫近，常令人生畏，如：an enormous shape looms in the distance, out of the darkness.
56.[答案] a
[解析] 本题查核的常识点是：因果联络题。
本题需求考生弄清各种因果联络。经过题干要害词“governments”和“internet”定位到第二段。该段说到，跟着互联网越来越趋于商业化，广泛上网（universalize access）契合商家的利益，因为网络会给他们带来更多的潜在顾客。因而，各国政府生怕落后于局势，都想广泛上网（spread internet access）。可见，政府关怀的是互联网带来的经济利益。因而，a选项为正确答案。
b选项因果倒置。全文第四段要点谈到使用外资可以打开互联网。c选项“不真实际。尽管作者说到了互联网可所以打败贫穷的东西，可是这只是是一种潜力，把这种力气转化为实际还取决于许多要素。d选项只能是互联网的一种功用，但不是政府重视的直接缘由。
57.[答案] d
[解析] 本题查核的常识点是：作者意图题。
本题需求考生分析作者的写作意图。例子的写作办法一般选用观念—比方，比方—观念，或观念—比方—重申观念的方法，因而考生要到比方前后去寻找该论据所要阐明的观念是啥。在最终一段的比方中作者介绍了美国在第次基础设备浪潮时刻是如何使用外资搞好基础缔造的。在举例之前，作者主张贫穷国家大约扔掉认为外国出资是对本国主权侵略的陈腐观念。举例之后，作者更直接指出，哪个国家使用外资多（the more foreign capital），哪个国家就将更殷实（the better off）。d选项正是作者举这个比方要建议的。a选项与辞意相反；b选项是作者主张我们不要忧虑的；c选项是比方中谈到的实际，但不是作者想要阐明的疑问。
58.[答案] a
[解析] 本题查核的常识点是：引申推理题。
文章最终一段说到如今第三次电子基础缔造浪潮（third wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure）中哪个国家承受的外资越多就越赋有，言外之意是使用外资进行电子基础缔造才是赋有与否的要害。这足以阐明a选项 “其电子工业打开的程度”关于一个国家经济打开的重要作用。
b选项和d选项的内容文中根柢未说到。作者谈到美国，只是作为一个引证外资缔造基础设备的成功典范，而不是建议完全仿效它的方法。所以c选项也不对。
三、文章长难句分析与佳句赏析
长难句分析:
①as the internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to universalize access—after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are.
该语句的主句是it is in the interest of sb to do sth.（做某事契合或人的利益），前面是as引导的状语从句表伴随：跟着…，破折号后边的一句话是对主句的说明。
②to take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment.
该句规划并不凌乱，要害留心其间的几个介词短语的运用，get over战胜，从……中恢复过来；with respect to，触及、说到或关于某事物。主句前是to引导的意图状语从句。
③the more foreign capital you have helping you build your third wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off you’re going to be.
该句中有一个比照级的固定规划the more…the more，标明“越……越……”，which引导的定语从句说明前面的third wave infrastructure。
佳句赏析:
①and that is very good news because the internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that we’ve ever had.
句中may well+动词原形规划恰当于have good reason to，意为“理应，有满足的理由”。如：he may well be proud of his son.（他大可以以他的儿子为荣）。该语句用这个规划来偏重“网络完全可以变成最有力的东西来打败世界贫穷”。
②countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure (the basic structural foundations of a society) in the united states.
might/may (as) well +动词原形规划常常用来主张或?祷蛉瞬赡赡持只疃惺鼻〉庇趆ad better，译为“还不如，不妨”。如：students that still have some problem with this lesson might well ask me after class.（那些对这篇课文仍然有疑问的同学不如课后再问一下我）。该句中作者主张那些抱有成见的人不妨研讨一下美国基础设备缔造的前史。
四、全文翻译
今日，我们正在高度注重所谓数字化分界——世界上信息本钱丰厚的区域和信息本钱匮乏的区域之间的差异。这个差异的确存在，我和我老婆20年前就曾就其时呈现的这种接近的风险做过讲演。可是，那时还不太显着的是一些反抗数字化分界的、新的活泼要素。如今咱们是完全有理由感到旷达的。
一些技能上的要素使咱们有理由期望数字化分界会减小。跟着互联网的日趋商业化，广泛上网对商家是有利的——究竟，上网人数越多，潜在的客户就越多（长难句①）。越来越多的政府，生怕自个的国家落后，纷繁推广互联网的广泛。将来一二十年之内，全球将有一二十亿人参加互联网。因而，我认为在将来的数年中，数字化分界将减小而不会变大。那是好消息，因为互联网完全可以变成咱们打败所面临的贫穷的最强有用的东西（佳句①）。
当然，运用互联网不是专一打败贫穷的办法。互联网也不是咱们所具有的专一东西，但它却有无量的潜力。
要想使用互联网这一东西，某些贫穷国家有必要战胜对外国出资所持的过期了的反殖民主义成见（长难句②）。那些认为外国出资是侵略本国主权的国家不妨研讨一下美国的基础设备（社会的根柢规划基础）缔造前史（佳句②）。开始美国缔造自个的工业基础设备时，短少必要的资金，因而美国的第次浪潮基础设备缔造，包括公路、港口、高速公路、港口城市等等——都是用国外资金缔造的。英国人、德国人、荷兰人和法国人都在前英国殖民地出资。他们供给资金，美洲移民缔造。想想看，如今谁具有这悉数？美国人。我想，在这件事上，像巴西或其他任何当地相同也该这样。你具有的去缔造第三次浪潮基础设备缔造（今日首要指电子基础设备）的外国资金越多，那么你的情况就越好（长难句③）。这并不是说阿谀阿谀，任人玩弄，也不是对外国公司不加控制。但这的确意味着你已知道到外国公司对本国动力及通讯基础设备缔造的重要性，这些基础设备是充分使用互联网所必要的。
text 3
一、文章规划分析
这是一篇关于美国新闻媒体遭受不信赖危机的文章。文章介绍了一个关于此不信赖危机而打开的查询，并论说构成这一危机的缘由，也是查询失利的缘由。文章前两段交待了背就连第三段首要给出主题，鄙人面的三段中，逐步深化地寻找其不和的深层次缘由，最终两段进行总结。整篇文章的证明办法首要是说理。
第一段：第一句以疑问句的方法提出疑问，并指出该查询的意图。
第二段：直接指出该查询的成果不令人满足。
第三段：第一句为主题句——对媒体不信赖是因为深层次缘由。本段中“in other words”阐明本段的证明办法是典型的说理。
第四段：进一步举例阐明上段说到的新闻“标准方法”与一般人的日子相距甚远。
第五段：进一步指出这种间隔是因为新闻界人士的日子情绪致使的。
第六段：对文章观念进行总结。
第七段：指出这一趋势的损害。
二、试题具体解析
59.[答案] b
[解析] 本题查核的常识点是：文章主旨题。
文章首段就是主题段。第一句提出这篇文章的主旨疑问“为啥那么多美国人不信赖自个在报纸上看到的东西？”这就是整个文章要答复的疑问，也是以疑问句方法呈现的文章主题，是主旨疑问的一个改写。因而b选项为答案。选项中的disappointment是原文中distrust的近义词。
a选项与文章谈的新闻遭受的信赖危机无关，并非文章首要内容。文章只需最终第一段首句说到报业是一个日趋式微的作业，可是未对式微缘由进行根究，所以c选项不对。d选项只是在第二段提及这一项意图内容和发现，归于细节内容，而非主题内容。
答题技巧：答主旨类型的标题要害是找到主题段（一般为首段）或其他各段的主题句（一般为首句）。一般来说，主题段包括文章主题思维。如无主题段，则找到各段的主题句加以归纳和总结，便可得出文章中心。
60.[答案] d
[解析] 本题查核的常识点是：实际细节题。
第二段触及该查询的成果。该段指出“这次新闻机构可信度的查询方案只得出一些极端浅陋的结论（low-level findings）比方新闻报导中的实际差错，拼写或语法差错，和这些低层次发现交错在一同的还有许多令人犯难的利诱,比方读者究竟想读些啥。”因而 d选项是正确答案，答案中的superficial是原文low-level的近义词。其他三个选项文中均未提及，也无法推导出。
答题技巧：关于这类描述词的选项，考生首要可以判别这些词哪些是褒义，哪些是贬义，以便减小规模。例如，本题中考生假定先断定作者关于该发现的情绪为否定的话，就可以把答案首要断定到b、d两个选项内，接下来需要思考的疑问就是“敌对”仍是“浅陋”。
61.[答案] c
[解析] 本题查核的常识点是：实际细节题。
第六段指出，“读者对新闻前言令人震动的不信赖的本源不是……，而是记者与读者的世界观每天都发生着磕碰（the daily clash of world views）”。因而，c选项为正确答案。
a选项文中未提及。b选项和d选项大约归于记者和读者不一样的两个方面，但仅是表面表象，不是疑问的根柢说在。
62.[答案] a
[解析] 本题查核的常识点是：实际细节题。
最终一段谈到新闻业为此做出的种种尽力，如“出资组织研讨会和可信度查询项目、根究为啥顾客们动火以及为啥会有那么多人躲避新闻”；接着用but话锋一转，指出他们没有做到的方面，即“可是它如同历来就没有回过头去留心文明方面和阶层方面的成见，而这正是许多早年的顾客诉苦的内容”。由此可以总结得出，他们的疑问就是没有对症下药。因而a选项是正确答案。
b选项、c选项都是表面表象，和d选项均与该段最终一句“这个项目如今还只是单纯思考接收不一样种族和性另外职工”的实际不符。
三、文章长难句分析与佳句赏析
长难句分析：
① sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.
语句骨干是…this project has turned out to be … findings …。about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes是宾语findings的补语成分；后接曩昔分词combined引导的伴随状语，其间about what in the world those readers really want是puzzlement的补语。
② most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns) into which they plug each day’s events. in other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news.
这两句生动地介绍了新闻界的作业方法。两句各自富含一个定语从句，第一句中的定语从句为into which they plug each day’s events，润饰前面的中心名词into which they plug each day’s events，后一句中的定语从句由that引导，润饰前面的a conventional story line。
常识点弥补：“plug sth. into sth.”意为“塞入、刺进”；“story line”指“叙说故事的线路、套路”；“culture”在这指“某集体或民族的风俗、人文表象、社会常规”，如： enterprise culture.（公司文明）。
③ if it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.
此句为虚拟口气，首要规划为：if it did, it would open up…and look for…。其间在由and联接的两个并排谓语，刺进成分now focused narrowly on race and gender为曩昔分词方法的后置定语，润饰program。第二个谓语规划中，宾语reporters后边有一个who引导的定语从句。
佳句赏析：
replies show that compared with other americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own mercedeses, and trade stocks, and they’re less likely to go to church, do volunteer work, or put down roots in community.
语句中are more likely to… and … are less likely to…后都跟了三个不定式做补语，前后对应，规划稳重，给人一种层次美。
四、全文翻译
为啥那么多美国人不信赖自个在报纸上看到的东西？美国新闻修改协会正企图答复这个苦楚疑问。该组织正深深堕入一个长时刻的自我分析进程中，即，一个称为新闻可信度的查询项目。
怅惘的是，这次新闻机构可信度查询方案成果只获得了一些浅陋的发现，比方新闻报导中的实际差错，拼写或语法差错，和这些低层次发现交错在一同的还有许多令人犯难的利诱,比方读者究竟想读些啥。（长难句①）
但这种对媒体的不信赖有更深化的本源。大都新闻记者都学着用一套标准的方法去看待世界，并把每天发生的作业套入这一方法即可。换言之，在媒体的新闻采编室文明中存在着一套约好俗成的写作方法，为绚丽凌乱的新闻报导供给了一个骨干规划和一个现成的故事叙说套路。（长难句②）
新闻记者和读者之间存在着社会和文明方面的脱节，这就是为啥新闻修改室的“标准方法”与许多读者的意趣相差甚远。在迩来一次查询中，问卷被送到了全国五座中等城市及一座大都市的记者手中，然后随机地给这些城市的居民打电话，问他们相同的疑问。
成果标明，与其他美国人比较，新闻记者更有可以居住在有钱人区，有女佣，有奔驰车，炒股，而不大可以去教堂，参加自愿效能，扎根某个社区。（佳句）
记者们一般归于广义的社会和文明高手的一个有些，因而他们的作业一般反映了这些高手的传统价值观。读者对新闻前言令人震动的不信赖，其本源并非是报导失实或低下的报导技巧，而是记者与读者的世界观每天都发生着磕碰。
这对任何一个作业来说，都是一个句有损坏力的局势，关于一个正在式微的作业来说特别如此。这是一个有许多费事的作业，却不断地雇佣观念总使客户恼怒的雇员。然后它又出资组织研讨会和可信度查询项目，去根究为啥顾客们生气，而许多丢掉。但它如同历来就没回过头往来不断留心那么多早年的顾客所诉苦的文明和阶层成见。假定它能留心这个疑问的话，它就大约进一步翻开其多样化项目（这个项目如今还只单纯思考接收不一样种族和性另外职工），进一步寻找那些世界观、价值观、教育水平缓社会阶层各纷歧样的记者。（长难句③）
text 4
一、文章规划全体分析
这篇文章是关于公司吞并与收购的一篇文章。作者从当前的吞并与收购浪潮表象着手，分析其发生的缘由及带来的影响。
第一段：首句提出世界正在阅历一场吞并与收购浪潮，段尾以问句的方法提出文章主题：这种吞并是不是会演化成一种无法控制的反竞赛力气？
第二段：用数据证明晰公司兼并方法之一，即跨国公司生意的增加。
第三段：说明了构成公司兼并表象的缘由。
第四段：分析了兼并热潮的影响，认为它没有给花费和技能前进带来损害，还有可以使世界财富增加。该段证明中既进行推理也运用了例子。
第五段：第一句为本段主题，即：我们对这种吞并还需要加以留心。证明中运用较多反意疑问句以加强口气。
二、试题具体解析
63. [答案] c
[解析] 本题查核的常识点是：实际细节题。
文章第一段就指出，当今公司界呈现的一个表象，即整个世界正在阅历一场史无前例的（ever witnessed）吞并与收购浪潮（wave of mergers and acquisitions，或m&a wave ）。这同时购之风从异常活泼的美国抵达欧洲，并以不可以比较的威力（unsurpassed might）影响到新式经济国家。接着第二段谈到跨国公司在世界规模内生意的迅猛增加。因而，c选项即文中多次说到的mergers and acquisitions，是当今公司打开的首要趋势。其他三项都不符辞意。
答题技巧：出题者的意图在于查核考生能否掌控该段期间主旨句为首句，而且了解句中要害词眼mergers and acquisitions的意义。
64.[答案] a
[解析] 本题查核的常识点是：实际细节题。
第三段分析构成并购潮流的重要缘由。它们和致使经济全球化进程的要素是相同的，如：交通运送本钱的日趋降低、生意和出资壁垒的降低和扩展了的商场以满足需要扩展运作而方能满足顾客的需要。显着，a选项即为上面说到的三个要素之一，为正确答案。b选项即商场供给过剩，大约是公司减小出产的缘由。其他c和d两项在文中均没有提及。
65.[答案] d
[解析] 本题查核的常识点是：推理引申题。
第四段首句说到，关于当前兼并浪潮必定会带来利或弊的比方还不多见。第二句接着指出，可是当前数家石油公司的兼并，是不是会再次比照赛构成挟制却难以意料；100年前美国的标准石油联合公司（standard oil trust）被闭幕，就是因为其时我们忧虑它会比照赛构成挟制。由此可以推知d选项为正确答案。
从该段的电信业和轿车工业的比方可知，公司兼并没有带来价格上涨或阻止技能前进，因而花费者的利益也未受损害。所以a选项与本段最终一句话不符。文中举了世界通讯公司的比方（本段第3句）只是阐明兼并并没有带来害处，而不是b选项。c选项在文中根柢未触及。
66.[答案] b
[解析] 本题查核的常识点是：作者情绪题。
在第三段最终两句中，作者清楚指出“一切这些（推进兼并的要素）对花费者来说都是有利而无害。跟着出产力的前进，世界的财富亦随之增加。”第四段作者举例阐明兼并没有给花费和技能前进带来损害。到了第五段，作者初步提示我们要避免它带来的晦气影响。可见，作者说到兼并浪潮可以发生的正反两方面的影响，就事论事，而且罗列很大都字和实际进行阐明。所以作者的情绪大约是客观的，因而b选项为正确答案。
常识点弥补：作者在文中一般运用带有褒贬颜色的词汇（特别是描述词和动词），或许引证专业和声威人士的话去标明自个的情绪。
三、文章长难句分析与佳句赏析
长难句分析：
① international affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment.
该句骨干为international affiliates account for…，其间“that”引导的是一个定语从句，润饰“economies”。
常识点弥补：“affiliates”指世界各地的分公司；“account for”意为“是……的缘由”、“致使，致使”或“占……比例”；“economies”用的是复数方法，指的是各个国家经济领域的各行各业。
② i believe that the most important forces behind the massive m&a wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers’ demands.
该句骨干是“i believe that”加上一个较长的宾语从句。从句中，骨干为the most important forces…are the same that …，that引导一个定语从句，润饰前面的the same。冒号后的成分一般是起说明的作用，这儿罗列缘由。
常识点弥补：“forces behind”和“underlie”意思相同，都表达“构成…的缘由”。
③ yet it is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could re-create the same threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the us, when the standard oil trust was broken up.
该句骨干是“it is hard to imagine that…”。第一个that引导imagine的宾语从句。宾语从句中又富含一个that引导的定语从句，润饰“competition”，定语从句中包括一个由“when”引导的时刻状语。standard oil trust指美国石油托拉斯，它像如今的微软公司因为有独占之嫌而被逼溃散。
佳句赏析：
① the world is going through the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions ever witnessed.
该句运用暗喻的修辞办法，形象地运用wave一词描绘全球公司吞并的大趋势。
② this phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms, of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of the world economy.
该句运用两层并排方法的规划，抵达较强的语境作用。over the role和over the ultimate stability的并排是第一层，role后边的两个of是第二层并排。
四、全文翻译
世界正在阅历一场从未见过的无量的并购浪潮。（佳句①）这个浪潮从异常活泼的美国席卷到欧洲，并以不可以比较的威力影响到正在鼓起的国家。这些国家的许多人看着这个浪潮，担忧着：“公司兼并的浪潮会不会发生一种无法控制的反竞赛力气?”
无疑，大公司正在变得更大、更强。跨国公司在1982年只占有世界生意不到20%的比例。当前，这个数字上升到25%，而且还在灵敏上升。在那些对外翻开并等待外资的国家的经济中，世界分公司在国民出产中构成一个快速增加的部分。（长难句①）例如，在阿根廷，经过90年代初的变革之后，跨国公司在200家大型公司的工业出产中从43%添加到几乎70%。这个表象使得我们非常担忧小型公司，民族本钱的作用，也使得我们对世界经济的究竟平稳发生了担忧。（佳句②）
我认为，推进这次无量的并购浪潮的最首要的力气，也是推进全球化进程的力气，就是运送与通讯费用的降低，生意与出资妨碍的削减，以及商场的扩展和为满足商场需要的出产的扩展。（长难句②）一切这些对花费者来说都有利而无害。跟着出产力的前进，世界的财富也就增加了。
当前这场兼并浪潮的利与弊并无多少实例。可是很难愿望当今的几个石油公司的兼并可以从头构成100年前美国标准石油公司被闭幕时我们忧虑它比照赛构成的挟制。（长难句③）通讯公司的兼并，如世界通讯公司，如同没有给花费者带来更高的价格，或许滞缓了技能前进的速度。在轿车作业，兼并也相同在添加，看看戴姆勒与克莱斯勒，雷诺与尼桑，但似乎花费者并未遭到损伤。
可是实际仍然是，兼并运动有必要遭到紧密监督。几星期早年，格林斯潘对银作业的大规划兼并宣告了警告。假定如此无量的银行呈现，谁来充当究竟的借贷者，发扬监督、打点和运作的作用?当一个国家对损坏公正竞赛的行为的处置过于严肃时，跨国公司会不会把它们的工业从一个当地转到另一个当地?在作业将影响一切国家的情况下，一个国家是不是大约单独担负起“维护竞赛”的责任，如美国政府诉讼微软公司的案子?
text 5
一、文章规划全体分析
这篇文章是一篇关于美国人寻求俭朴日子这一潮流的散文。作者以第一人称的笔调叙说了本身日子情绪和方法的改动阅历，进而谈及整个美国的景象及分析这股潮流的成因。从写作特征来说是一篇夹叙夹议的文章，叙说有些（前三段）是一个引子，为后边的谈论作烘托。
前三段：作者经过对自个日子方法改动的总结，进而叙说开始辞去职务的初衷以及如今作者的日子，并总结自个日子改变带来的优点和感悟。
第四段：段首指出这种日子方法在美国变成一个潮流，并排举一些实例阐明其广泛性。
第五、六段：谈论美国和英国这一趋势的成因，并总结这种日子方法的本质就是知道到自个的捆绑性。
二、试题具体解析
67.[答案] b
[解析] 本题查核的常识点是：实际细节题。
本题查询考生对细节的了解，包括读懂每句话的意义，及弄清前因成果和实际。文章第一段第二句讲到，“一次作业的平级集结（a lateral move）损伤了我的自负，阻止了我在作业上的升官，这促进我扔掉了相对体面的（high profile）作业生计”。可见，作者辞去职务是有外因的。b选项“作者因环境所迫而辞去职务”与该实际相符，是正确答案。
a选项与原文相敌对。第一句说的是我辞去全职作业（quit my full time employment）使我变成世界时髦的一分子，而不是做全职作业。c选项差错地把“a lateral move”了解为扔掉全职作业。lateral原意是“横向的”，这儿指“平级之间的”。第一段末句说到，为了点缀（cover）辞去职务的真实缘由，我找了一个“想多花些时刻和家人在一同”的托言，因而d选项是遁词而不是实际。
68.[答案] b
[解析] 本题查核的常识点是：实际细节题。
本题仍然查询考生对细节的了解，需求考生从作者的阅历去分析其日子情绪前后的改动，要害在于掌控第二段末句“transform from…into…”的规划。作者在第二段谈到，“经过约两年半的时刻并宣告了两部小说今后，我那被美国人称之为‘怠慢日子节奏’的日子阅历，却将我重复用的托言（指第一段最终一句点缀辞去职务缘由的话）转化为实真实在的实际。我现已从一个‘具有悉数’（having it all）日子哲学的活泼建议者（这是曩昔七年里linda kelsey一向在《她》杂志上宣传的日子方法），变成一个知足常乐（settle for a bit of everything）的女人”。可见b选项正确，因为她从这次日子阅历中有了从头知道，构成了新的人生观。
从文章内容可知，“怠慢日子节奏”并不是作者原有的愿望，而是开始各样无法的选择，只是后来她意外发现自个喜爱上了这种日子方法，所以a选项不对。c选项是开始的平级集结带来的成果，而非怠慢日子节奏的成果。d选项恰恰与文中实际相反，实践成果是扔掉而非承受。
69. [答案] c
[解析] 本题查核的常识点是：词义题。
本题查询考生经过上下文猜测词义的才能。考生要害要经过对第三段首句凌乱的语句规划的分析（见长难句③），晓得“juggling one’s life”就是“downshifting”的不和。在这个语句中，作者把“juggling one’s life”和“downshifting”敌对起来进行比照，因而前者大约指与“怠慢日子节奏”相反的“作业压力大、忙繁忙碌的日子”。下文第二句话中的四个并排名词短语“12-hour working days, pressured deadlines, the fearful strain of office politics and the limitations of being a parent on ‘quality time’”（一天作业12小时、每件作业都有最终的期限、公务上争权夺利带来的可怕压力以及因为时刻有限连做母亲也得“高功率”）对该短语进行了进一步说明。显着只需c选项是对这些特征的高度归纳。留心第四段首句说到的a选项、第二段说到的b选项和第四段第二句谈到的d选项的内容都是“downshifting”的特征。
词汇弥补：politics原意多指“政治作业、政治日子、政治活动”，也可指“一个集体或组织内部为抢夺权力和利益的斗争”如：church politics 教会的离心离德。
70.[答案] d
[解析] 本题查核的常识点是：因果联络题。本题查询考生了解具体细节的才能。第五段首句指出，美国的这一趋势初步是对经济衰退的一种反映（a reaction to the economic decline），所以d选项“经济局势”是这种日子方法发生的缘由。其它三个选项在文中都未提及。
三、文章长难句分析与佳句赏析
长难句分析：
①a lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, i covered my exit by claiming “i wanted to spend more time with my family”.
该句是由although联接含转机口气的两个分句：a lateral move prompted me to abandon my career和i covered my exit。前一分句的主语a lateral move由that引导的定语从句润饰；后一个分句顶用了in the manner of（以…的方法）和by claiming两个规划做谓语covered的方法状语。
②i have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “having it all”, preached by linda kelsey for the past seven years in the pages of she magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.
该语句的特征是定语润饰成分较多。语句骨干是i have been transformed from a advocate… into a woman…，advocate后接of短语做定语，woman后接who引导的定语从句做定语。preached by…分词规划用做philosophy的定语。having it all指“具有悉数”，是一种吃苦主义；settle for a bit of everything中的settle意为“安靖、定局”，整个短语指“啥都只需一点”，即“很简略满足”。
③i have discovered, as perhaps kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of she after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life”, and making the alternative move into “downshifting” brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status.
该语句规划较凌乱，有多重规划。第一重是主句的骨干i have discovered … that …，that引导宾语从句：abandoning…and making…brings with it far greater rewards，其间主语由并排的动名词规划构成；第二重规划是：that前的刺进语是个省掉倒装句，as替代主句的谓语discover，其正常次序应是perhaps kelsey will discover after…；that后宾语从句中富含一个比照规划…brings greater rewards than…。juggling one’s life中“juggle”原意为?；檬酢保逃锢锝栌盟岛摹懊Ω霾欢稀钡囊馑迹昝鳌懊Ψ泵β档厝兆印薄?br>
④while in america the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline—after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late-80s—and is still linked to the politics of thrift, in britain, at least among the middle class downshifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives.
该语句的特征是while引导两个分句构成对照，前一分句的骨干是in america the trend started as a reaction and is still linked to the politics；后一分句的骨干是in britain we have different reasons；破折号之间的刺进语是前一分句的时刻状语；逗号间的刺进语at least among…是后一分句的状语。
⑤for the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the ’80s, downshifting in the mid-90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life—growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one—as a personal recognition of your limitations.
该语句的骨干中富含一个具有比照意义的规划downshifting is not so much a search…as a personal recognition（与其说是寻求，不如说是自个知道）。句首介词规划for the women…做语句的状语，标明“关于…来说”，两个破折号之间的两个并排的动名词短语growing…and risking…是对前面名词the mythical good life的说明。
佳句赏析：
①when i decided to quit my full time employment it never occurred to me that i might become a part of a new international trend.
“when…it never occurred to me that…”规划可以表达在曩昔某个时刻里无法意料到后来要发生的作业。如：nobody can really expect his future. when steven doglas worked as a salesman in a shoes-shop of a small town, it never occurred to him that he might become a superstar three years later.
②my experiment in what the americans term “downshifting” has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality.
该语句中tired excuse运用了英语中的一种修辞格，叫“转移描述词”，即描述词方法上润饰事物，实践上用来润饰人所具有的某种质量、性质或情况。这种修辞格的运用使语句具有修辞作用，简练而地道。类似的用法有：sleepless night（不眠之夜），wise decision（正确的抉择），respectful distance（敬而远之），word by painful word（一字一字费劲地）smiling words（浅笑着攀谈）。语句中tired excuse指的是作者声称“累了想陪陪家人”来作为辞去职务的托言。
四、全文翻译
当我抉择辞去自个的全日制作业时决没有想到，自个竟成了一种新的世界性潮流的一分子（佳句①）。一次平级的人事集结伤了我的自负心，并阻断了我的作业打开，这促进我扔掉自个方位较高的作业，可是，我却像体面扫尽的政府部长那样，点缀地说“我想与家人更多地呆在一同”（长难句①）。
新鲜的是，大约两年半的时刻我写完两部小说后，我这个被美国人称为“怠慢日子节奏”的测验，却使我所谓的累了的托言变成了实际（佳句②）。我已从一个“获得悉数”哲学（琳达·凯茜曩昔七年中在《她》这本杂志所宣传的）的张狂撑持者，变成了一个乐于承受任何东西只需一丁点的女人（长难句②）。
我现已发现（因为压力过大，凯茜已多次揭露声称要辞去《她》杂志修改的职务，在这之后她或许会有相同发现），扔掉“忙繁忙碌”的日子哲学，转而过一种“怠慢日子节奏”的日子所带来的酬谢，比金钱和社会方位更有价值（长难句③）。啥也说服不了我回到曩昔那种凯尔茜所宣传的、我也曾自得其乐的日子中去：每天12小时的作业日，压得人喘不过气来的最终期限，可怕而严峻的单位里的争权夺利，以及在“最佳时期”做父母遭到捆绑。
在美国，脱节繁忙，转而过一种简略、不太物质化的日子已成清楚趋势。具有讥讽意味的是，“怠慢日子节奏”——在美国也称“自愿简略化”——甚至孕育了一个簇新的、可称之为反花费主义的新领域。关于那些想过简略日子的人来说，有许多很热销的 你轻松日子的自助书本；有各种像《小气鬼简报》这样的简讯，给美国人供给不计其数条有用的点子，从收回保鲜膜到克己番笕；甚至还有一些协助集体，协助有些人按90年代中期躲避社会实际的人的日子方法去日子。
在美国，这种趋势一初步是对经济式微所做出的一种反应——呈现于80年代后期减小经济规划所造成的使的许多人员冗余之后——如今这种趋势仍被认为与节约政治有相关；而在英国，至少在我所知道的情愿简化日子的中产阶层中，却有着不一样的缘由去寻求使自个的日子简略化（长难句④）。
对咱们这一代女人来说，整个80年代咱们曾被逼繁忙地日子，90年代中期的简化日子与其说是寻求神话般的好日子——自个种有机蔬菜以及冒险变成像有机蔬菜相同简略憨厚的人——倒不如说咱们都知道了本身的捆绑（长难句⑤）。
section iv: english-chinese translation (15 points)
一、试题全体分析
这篇文章首要展望了科学技能给人类将来世活可以带来的各种改变，将来学家对科学打破性发展日期的猜测，以及某些技能前进可以带来的社会疑问。
2001年度翻译试题难度适中，考点触及了词义断定、非谓语规划以及从句的翻译。就此，考生可以总结出，词义断定和语句规划是翻译必考的项目。词义断定需求考生根据上下文和分配的需求，断定某个特定词在本句中的意思以及翻译后选择的汉语表达，而这个意思一般不是考生在平常回想的单词词义，可所以某个偏僻的词义、引伸义，甚至在该上下文中才有的、没有在词典中止定下来的意思。因而特别提示考生不要字对字地翻译，而要在上下文中止定具体单词的意思，正如一句?档煤茫骸皌here is no meaning except in the context.”（只需在上下文中才有词义）。
二、试题具体解析
（71）there will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.
[解析] 本题查核的常识点是：定语从句的翻译、曩昔分词做定语、词义断定。
语句的骨干是there be 句型的将来时，译成“将会呈现……，将有……”。hosted by robots是曩昔分词作后置定语润饰chat shows，因为不太长，翻译时可以前置做定语。pollution monitors（污染监控器）后边接的定语从句that will disable…offend并不是起润饰限制作用，翻译时不能把它前置做定语，此从句实践是说 pollution monitors 的功用，译时可独立成句。定语从句中包括一个when 引导的时刻状语从句。
词汇：chat shows就是这些年在我国也广为盛行的电视说话节目；host做名词为“（男）掌管人”，做动词是“掌管”；offend原意是“开罪，侵略”，在这儿根据上下文，意思应当是“违规”，进而可译为（轿车）“污染超标”；disable的意思也应当根据上下文断定为“使（轿车）无法作业”。
译文：到时，将会呈现由机器人掌管的电视说话节目和装有污染监控器的轿车。一旦这些轿车排污超标（违规），监控器就会使其停驶。
（72）children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell television, and digital age will have arrived.
[解析] 本题查核的常识点是：意译、介词规划作后置定语、rather than的译法。
整个语句实践上由四个分句并排构成，由逗号和and 联接，可是最终一句从意思上看实践是一句总结性的话。第一分句中，equipped with personality chips是曩昔分词做定语润饰dolls；第二句是一个被逼语态，其间首要规划为be regarded as … rather than …，意思为“被看作是……而不是……”，该句中with in-built personalities这一介词规划作computers的后置定语；第三句假定直译成“休闲将在气味电视机前面”不太恰当，特别作为书面语不适合，考生可以参加“休闲”这一动作的宣告者，将该句译成：我们将在气味电视机前休闲，或译成：休闲将在气味电视机前面进行；第四句中，考生需要留心时态为将来结束时。
词汇：computers后的with规划是“带有、具有”的意思；in-built意为“内在的，内置的”，rather than标明否定，此规划翻译题中就现已数次呈现。
译文：儿童将与装有特性化芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍，具有特性内置的核算机将被视为作业火伴而不是东西，我们将在气味电视机前休闲，到时数字化年代就要来到了。
（73）pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.
[解析] 本题查核的常识点是：多重复合句的译法。
该语句是凌乱的复合句，其规划可以分三层。第一层是语句主语是pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers … to …，不定式引导意图状语，第二层在意图状语中，宾语calendar后有that引导的定语从句，第三层规划为that引导的定语从句中，宾语the latest dates后又有一个when引导的定语从句，留心不要误认为时状语从句。这样的三层复合规划构成了环环相套的定语从句链，要害在于考生需要把这个链条打断，也就是进行断句，考生可以在that处断句。
词汇：piece together意为“集合”；the latest dates意为“迩来的日期”；key breakthroughs意为“严峻打破”。
译文：皮尔森集合世界各地数百位研讨人员的作用，编制了一个一起的新技能千年历，它列出了我们有望看到数百项严峻打破和发现的最迟日期。
（74）but that, pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration: “it will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century. ”
[解析] 本题查核的常识点是：定语从句。
pearson points out属刺进语成分，主句为主表规划that is the start，它实践上也是point out 的宾语内容。主语that 是代词，指前两句中说到的电脑与人之间联接的打破。引号中的是pearson所说的话。it 指代紧跟它的integration（一体化）。that will ultimately…century是润饰the process of integration 的定语从句，因为定语太长，不适合在中文中做前置定语，只能另起一句，用重复先行词的办法，或把定语从句译作并排句。
译文：皮尔森指出，这个打破只是是人机一体化的初步：?侨嘶惶寤喑ぶ返牡谝徊剑烤够崾刮颐潜扇耸兰湍┲熬脱行嫱耆缱踊姆抡嫒恕！?br>
（75）and home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder—kitchen rage.
[解析] 本题查核的常识点是：so … that规划、词义断定。
这个语句的骨干是home appliances will become so…that…，“so … that …”规划的意思是“如此……致使……”。that 后接的是成果状语从句，从句的主语是controlling and operating them；them指的是主语home appliances；从句的谓语是will result in，breakout of…是in的介词宾语。此处的破折号起说明作用，说明a new psychological disorder的内容。
词汇：smart 意为“奇妙的，（人）聪明的”，可是在这儿需要联系上下文了解为“智能化的”；breakout 一般译为“迸发”，可是与心思疾病或心思失调（a psychological disorder）分配不适合，所以意译为“致使，引发”；同理kitchen rage亦不可以直译为“厨房暴怒”，尽量与心思疾病的用词挂钩，译为“厨房狂躁症”。
译文：家用电器将会变得如此智能化，致使于控制和操作它们会引发一种新的心思疾病——厨房狂躁症。
三、参阅译文
在将来不到三十年的时刻里，特列克星号的全息舱面就会变成实际。大脑神经体系和核算机之间的直接连接还会创造出全方位感触虚拟环境，使影片《悉数回想》中展示的虚拟假期变成可以。
（71）到时，将会呈现由机器人掌管的电视说话节目和装有污染监控器的轿车。一旦这些轿车排污超标（违规），监控器就会使其停驶。（72）儿童将与装有特性化芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍，具有特性内置的核算机将被视为作业火伴而不是东西，我们将在气味电视机前休闲，到时数字化年代就要来到了。
依bt的将来学家亚恩·皮尔森做出的预见，这些都归于新世纪头几十年打开方案之列，到时，超级核算机将急剧加速各个日子领域的打开。
（73）皮尔森集合世界各地数百位研讨人员的作用，编制了一个一起的新技能千年历，它列出了我们有望看到数百项严峻打破和发现的最迟日期。一些最大的发展将在医学领城，包括人预期寿数的延伸和数十种人工器官，这些将在如今到2024年之间接连完成。
皮尔森还预言，在核算机与人的联接上会有一个严峻打破。他说：“经过直接与咱们的神经体系相连，核算机可以晓得咱们的感触，而且，咱们期望，它可以仿照感触，这样，咱们就可以打开全方位感知环境，就像影片《悉数回想》中的虚拟假期或特列克星号上的全息舱面。”（74）但皮尔森指出，这个打破只是是人机一体化的初步：?侨嘶惶寤喑ぶ返牡谝徊剑烤够崾刮颐潜扇耸兰湍┲熬脱行嫱耆缱踊姆抡嫒恕！?br>
经过研讨，皮尔逊可以预言大大都打破的发生时刻。可是，关于何时可以进行超光速旅行，何时人类克隆技能可以得以完善，何时可以进行时刻旅行，却仍然没有预见。但他的确预见技能前进致使的社会疑问。比方，到2010年，住所区邻近监督器数量的剧增将引发疑问；仿真机器人意味着人类可以无法区别同类兄弟和这些机器人火伴。（75）家用电器将会变得如此智能化，致使于控制和操作它们会引发一种新的心思疾病——厨房狂躁症。
section v: writing (20 points)
一、审题谋篇
本题出题方法为漫画加提纲式写作。
提纲有三点需求：（1）描绘画面的涵义，此处考生要留心symbolic meaning（比方义）；(2)举一个具体的比方对主题加以证明；(3)关于如何献爱心给出你的主张。
首要，审题时考生要捉住要害词。漫画加提纲式写作中，漫画中的字，特别是漫画的标题可谓是一字千金，千万不可以放过。本题的漫画中呈现“爱心是一盏灯，在越漆黑的当地越亮堂”一句话，该句最杰出的词是“爱心”，后半句话指出最需要爱心的环境——“黑私自”，也就是说别人有困难的当地。因而漫画旨在建议为需要协助的人或当地献出爱心。
其次，考生需要看清标题需求。需求指出文章应点明漫画所示内在，并应举出具体事例，在此条件下提出自个对献爱心的主张。由此可见，文章中既要联络社会举例，又要给出自个的谈论，所以出题所查验的中心内容为描绘加谈论。
考生可以在据守三段论基础上选用叙议联系的办法：第一段需环绕图像打开，将图像中一切信息描绘理解，点出漫画所示内在。第二段要关于主题举具体的比方，由本题中心可知，举的比方应体现两要素：“爱心”和“需要”。第三段应在联络实践，杰出中心的基础上，提出具体主张。
二、参阅范文
as can be seen from this vivid picture, like a light, love means much more to those who are in great difficulty than to those who live in comforts. love, as illustrated in the picture，is just like the oil lamp，which certainly shines brighter in the dark. in other words，the darker the place is，the more precious the light will be. love is somewhat the same: it is most needed by those who are in urgent need of help and considered most precious in most difficult situations. therefore, as people living in the modern society, we all should contribute our love to those needy people.
i can exemplify this conclusion with the poverty alleviation project. it is known to all that the chinese government has been calling for people participating in the project. obviously, the expression of love can be best demonstrated by helping the poor in some backward regions. therefore, many college students choose to work in these regions upon graduation. it is in these places that they are most needed and their knowledge can be made best use of.
the best way to show our love，in my opinion，is to follow the above mentioned example, giving love to the people during the hours of darkness. so when we see someone in difficulty or in distress，don’t hesitate to offer our hands. i believe the relationship between people will be more harmonious and our society will be a better place for us to live in. let’s do as a famous saying goes：ask not what others can do for you; ask what you can do for others.
三、范文点评
文章规划：
这篇文章思路清楚，要点杰出。首段开篇点题，接着，考生清楚地论说了灯火的标志意义，段尾再次归纳全文的主题，期间几个有些彼此照顾。第二段中，考生举出一个既有深度（崇高性），又有广度（社会性）的比方——扶贫工程，并在段尾总结证明观念：要在别人困难的时分献爱心。第三段，作者提出具体主张，最终提出呼唤，并以盛行语点睛。
言语亮点：
1. vivid：形象的，生动的。副词为vividly。
2. in great difficulty和in comforts：两个介词规划意思相反，构成对仗。
3. illustrate：（用插图或图像）阐明，阐明。例如：the cartoon illustrates a profound principle in life.（这幅画提示了一个深化的人生道理）
4. the darker …the more precious…：这儿运用的是the more … the more …规划，例如：the faster our country’s industry develops, the more efforts we should spare in protecting the environment.（工业打开越快，咱们越大约花精力维护环境）。
5. precious：宝贵的，名贵的。如：time is precious.（时刻很名贵）。
6. contribute：对…做奉献，名词方法是contribution，如：make a contribution。
7. exemplify：用比方阐明，例子。例如：this story exemplifies what i just said.（这个故事正好阐明晰我方才说的话）。类似用法有：illustrate, serve as an example。
8. participate in：参加，类似的用法有：take part, join in, partake, get involved。
9. demonstrate：体现，标明，证明。例如：this cartoon demonstrates a widespread phenomenon in society.（这幅画体现了社会上的一个广泛表象）。
10. upon graduation：upon后加名词，可标明“…的时分”。如：upon seeing their child make achievements, the parents are always as joyful as anything.（当看到自个的孩子获得成果，父母老是高兴得不得了）
11. it is…that（who）…：常引导规划偏重句，it is后接语句中被偏重的有些，它可所以状语、主语、宾语或宾与补足语，但不可以所以表语、谓语动词和让步状语从句或比照状语从句。若偏重的是人，用联络代词who，其它都用that。如：it is with the development of technology and population growth, the amount and range of materials used has increased at an alarming rate.（正是跟着技能的打开和人员的增加，运用材料的数量和规模也都在以惊人的速度增加）。在写作中让句型坚持多样化可以给文章添加不少颜色和可读性，偏重句就是一个极好的选择，它使语句简练而有力度。
12. follow the above mentioned example：follow example标明“仿照…”；above mentioned的意思是“上面提及的”。
13. offer our hands：“协助”，类似的表达有：help out, extend a hand, lend a hand, give assistance。
14. harmonious：“友善的”，该词常描述family或relations。
15. ask not what others can do for you; ask what you can do for others：不要问别人能为你做啥，而问你能为别人做啥。该句来自于美国总统肯尼迪的名言：“ask not what your nation can do for you; ask what you can do for your nation.”（不要问你的国家能为你做啥，而要问你能为你的国家做啥）。可以在作文中恰当地用上名言的考生恐怕不会太多，可是一旦用上就会致使阅卷教师的留心，得高分的可以性也就越大。因而考生平常可留心加强这方面的预备。如：the people who get on in this world are the people who get up and look for circumstances they want, and if they cannot find them, make them.（在这个世界上获得成功的人，都尽力去寻找他们想要的机缘，假定找不到时，他们就自个创造机缘。——英国闻名作家萧伯纳）
四、写作误区
华章规划误区：
首要，考生应当看清标题需求。一看到油灯，有的考生就依照固定思维，想当然地认为文章中心是赞扬“春蚕到死丝方尽，蜡炬成灰泪始干”的公民教师，成果写成了一篇教师颂。辅导语中尽管明晰“everyone has his/her own understanding of love”，但图像上现已清楚给出了主题：“爱心是一盏灯，在越漆黑的当地越亮堂”，也就是说爱心在最需要它的当地显得最有价值。而有的考生花了许多翰墨赞许爱，包括恋爱、友谊、亲情等，论说“love is noblest feeling”，有的考生则联想到社会上的漆黑面，对短少“爱心”的人进行一番批判。以上都是因为审题不小心而构成的跑题。其次作文需求中规则要举一个比方阐明疑问。因而，考生所举的比方应当具体而且具有代表性。不可以泛泛而谈，也不可以虚拟一些不真实际的比方。这篇文章要想写得有深度，很大程度上由比方的深度和广度抉择。因而，要想得高分，比方至关重要，应具有广大的社会性，如“期望工程”、“长江抗洪”、“扶贫方百铫协助下岗职工再作业等等。
言语表达差错：
①词性差错：
our world will bright if everyone shows love to others.（our world will become bright if everyone shows love to others.）
②分配不当：
although the light is weak, it plays a great effect which will make people more firmly than before.（although the light is weak, it has a great effect which will make people more firm than before.）
③代词纷歧致：
when every one devotes some love to the world, you will find the world is brighter and more beautiful.（when every one gives his share of love to the world, he will find the world is brighter and more beautiful.）
④介词差错：
i was greatly worried my future life.（i was greatly worried about my future life.）
⑤非谓语规划差错：
the best way show love is to help those need help in their life.（the best way to show love is to help those needing / who need help in their life.）
⑥负担：
for those people who still live very poor lives, the help from other people can give them light and hope to improve their lives.（poor people can get light and hope from others’ help to improve their lives.）
⑦归纳性差错：
even if the government gives more money to help children in poor areas, the rate of them are helped is still very low.（even if the government appropriates more money to help children in poor areas, the number of those who can be helped is still very small.回来搜狐，查看更多
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