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布景常识
据最新研讨,青铜年代的欧洲人可以已将青铜环和刀刃作为一种较前期的钱银运用,而且这些物体甚至可以在分量和巨细方面都经过了标准化处置。跟着青铜铸造在欧洲的传达,这些戒指、肋骨和斧头刀刃被铸做作为功用性用处,比方珠宝和东西,这些可以与金钱无关。数据会集的一些项目可以坚持严肃的有用性或装饰性的作用,因为它们的权重远远跨越核算的均匀值。这些青铜器反映了其他当地发现的被称为“器物币”的东西的钱银方法,如在我国发现的刀币和铁锹币,在中美洲发现的阿兹特克锄头和斧头币。

正文阅览
an ancient form of european money: bronze rings, ribs and blades
一种陈旧的欧洲钱银:青铜环、肋骨和刀刃
the modern world runs on a constant flow of money that has its roots in simpler proto-currencies pioneered on regional levels by ancient peoples. a pair of archaeologists believe they have identified a very early example of commodity money in europe, used some 3,500 years ago during the bronze age, with denominations that took the form of bronze rings, ribs and ax blades. people at this time frequently buried collections of these ubiquitous items, leaving a wealth of scattered “hoards” across the european continent.
现代世界是在持续的钱银活动的基础上运转的,这种活动源于古代公民在区域层面上创始的简略的初始钱银
每日外刊考研英语阅览-一种陈旧的欧洲钱银青铜环、肋骨和刀刃…(考研英语题源外刊有必要读吗)插图
。两位考古学家认为,他们在欧洲发现了一种前期的产品钱银,大约运用于3500年前的青铜年代,其面值选用青铜环、肋骨和斧刃的方法。其时的我们常常将这些无处不在的物品埋藏起来,在欧洲大陆上留下了许多散落的“保藏品”。
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in a study published on wednesday in plos one, maikel kuijpers, an assistant professor in european prehistory at leiden university in the netherlands, and catalin n. popa, who was a postdoctoral researcher there, compared the weights of more than 5,000 bronze age rings, ribs and blades, sourced from over 100 hoards that contained five or more items.
在周三宣告于《公共科学图书馆·归纳》(plos one)期刊上的一项研讨中,荷兰莱顿大学欧洲史前史助理教授马科尔·戈波斯(maikel kuijpers)和博士后研讨员卡塔琳·波帕(catalin n. popa)比照了5000多件青铜年代的环、肋骨和刀片的分量,这些物品来自100多个储存品,其间包括5件或更多物品。
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the results revealed that 70 percent of the rings were so close in mass —averaging about 7 ounces — that they would have been indistinguishable if weighed by hand. while the ribs and ax blades are not quite as uniform, the study concludes that the artifacts are similar enough to collectively demonstrate “the earliest development of commodity money in prehistoric central europe.” “it is a very clear standardization,” dr. kuijpers said. while other researchers questioned some of their conclusions, they agreed that the study added to our knowledge of the economic activities of ancient peoples.
成果闪现,70%的环在质量上非常接近——均匀约7盎司,假定用手称重的话,则无法区别这些环。尽管肋骨和斧刃并不完全共同,但研讨得出的结论是,这些手工制品的类似性足以一起证明“什物钱银在史前中欧的最早打开”。“这是一个非常清楚的标准化,”戈波斯说。尽管其他研讨人员对他们的一些结论提出了质疑,但他们共同认为,这项研讨添加了咱们对古代公民经济活动的晓得。
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今日单词

bronze/brɑ?nz/ n.青铜;

rib/r?b/ n.肋骨;

blade/ble?d/ n.刀片;

run/r?n/ vi.运转;

root /ru?t/ n.来历;基础;根基;

proto-currency n.初始钱银;

pioneer/?pa???n?r/ vi.创始;做前锋;建议;

commodity money 什物钱银;产品钱银;

some/s?m,s?m/ adv.大约,差不多;

denomination/d??nɑ?m??ne??n/ n.(尤指钱的)面额,面值;

take the form of 选用…的方法;

ubiquitous /ju??b?kw?t?s/ adj.无所不在的;非常广泛的;

a wealth of 许多的,许多的;

scattered /?sk?t?rd/ adj.涣散的;

hoard/h??rd/ n.(名贵物品的)储存;秘藏;

plos one 《公共科学图书馆·归纳》;

prehistory /?pri??h?stri/ n.史前时期;远古时期;

postdoctoral /?po?st?dɑ?kt?r?l/ adj.博士后的;

source from (从…)获得;

reveal /r??vi?l/ vt.提示;闪现;泄露;

ounce/a?ns/ n.盎司;

indistinguishable/??nd??st??ɡw???bl/ adj.无法分辩的;无法区另外;

uniform/?ju?n?f??rm/ adj.共同的;共同的;一概的;

artifact /?ɑ?rt?f?kt/ n.(尤指有前史或文明价值的)人工制品,手技能品;

standardization/?st?nd?rd??ze??n/ n.标准化;

question /?kwest??n/ vt.置疑;质询;发问;

材料来历
文本选自:the new york times(纽约时报)
作者:becky ferreira
原文发布时刻:21 jan. 2021
每日美句
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关于旷达者老是越变越好。

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